CHAPTER VI – DIRECTING
HOTS QUESTIONS
Q1. Give examples as to how directing takes place at each level of organization? (1)
Q2. A co. wants to replace manual production technique with mechanized techniques. labour unions are resisting this change. Which function of management will help in introducing this change and how? (1)
Q3. An element of the directing function seeks to provide inducement to employees to act in a particular manner. Name this element. Can this inducement be in a negative manner also if so give examples. (1)
Q4. In Maslow’s need hierarchy identify the needs which can be satisfied with financial incentives and also those which can be satisfied with non financial incentives? (1)
Q5. Narainmurthy and J R D Tata are leaders of great status and eminence. Why do you think these role was critical in building their organisation’s fortunes? (1)
Q6. Explain the elements in communication process which come in between the receiver and sender?
Q7. Explain the concept of noise with suitable example?
Q8. Explain how communication
(a) Increases managerial efficiency
(b) promotes co-operation and industrial peace.
Q9. What are the classification of vertical communication. Give example?
Q10. What is grapevine communication. How is both useful and a cause for disturbance in an organization?
Q11. Ram finds his task as a typist. routine and filled with boredom. His supervisor senses his predicament and wants to motivate him. Suggest ways and means by which he can be motivated?
Q12. Sometimes emotions or state of mind stand in way of effective communication. Name the type of barriers cited above. Give any two examples of such type of barriers?
Q13. Sachin, manager in evergreen industries Ltd is not successful as he is unable to communicate effectively. Suggest some measures where by he can improve his effectiveness.
Q14. A type or communication satisfies social and psychological needs of employees? Name this type of communication. Why is it beneficial to an organisation?
Q15. Techniques of direction cannot be standardised and be the same for all types of employees. Do you agree. Give reasons?
Q16. Explain briefly how directing brings about stability in an organisation.
Q17. To ensure that operations at the shop floor are ably carried out, the services of a good supervisor is required. Do you agree. Give reasons?
Q18. Why are needs arranged in a Hierarchy? Explain the various types of needs as per Maslaw’s hierarchy citing individuals and organisation as examples.
Q19. “What is a perquisites?
Q20. Money is the biggest motivates”. Do you agree. Give examples of needs which cannot be satisfied with monetary incentives alone?
Suggested Answer to Hots Questions
Ans.1 (i) At lower level supervisor directs subordinates.
(ii) At middle level instructions & guidance given to lower level.
(iii) At top most level of management provides leadership & communicates objective & policies to entire organisation.
Ans. 2 Directing by instructing guiding & motivating by subordinates.
Ans. 3 The element is motivation
Negative inducements can be given in the form of transfers, stoppage of increments.
Ans. 4 Needs which can be satisfied with financial incentives are physiological needs & safety & security needs. Needs satisfied by non financial incentives esteem & self actualization.
Ans. 5 Leadership critical to an organisation because
(i) Influence of behaviour
(ii) Interpersonal relationship
(iii) Introducing changes
(iv) Conflict handler.
(v) Training to subordinates.
Ans. 6 Various elements between sender & receiver
(i) Message
(ii) Encoding
(iii) Media
(iv) Decoding
(v) Feed back.
Ans. 7 Noise-disturbance in process of communication Eg. Faulty decoding.
Ans. 8 (a) Increases managerial efficiency by proper motivation, guidance & instruction.
(b) Promoter cooperation & industrial peace by resolving conflicts.
Ans. 9 Vertical communication can be classified into upward & downward communication with suitable egs.
Ans. 10 Explanation of grapevine
Useful— fast mode of communication
Harmful— as it gives rise to rumours.
Ans. 11 Job enrichment & training with suitable explanation
Ans. 12 Psychological barrier with explanation & suitable examples.
Ans. 13 Measures of effective communication
(i) Clarification of ideas
(ii) As per needs
(iii) Using good language
(iv) Follow up
Ans. 14 Informal Communication explanation of benefits to the organisation.
Ans. 15 Technique of direction-employee specific based on needs & state of mind of an employee.
Ans. 16 Reduces employee turnover & brings about stability.
Ans. 17 Importance of role of supervisor.
Ans. 18 Needs as per Moslow needs are from basic to higher level a satisfied need can no longer motivate a person.
Ans. 19 Perquisites: are certain additional benefits given to employee in addition to salary example free housing.
Ans. 20 No, I don’t agree. Esteem & self actulisation needs cannot be satisfied with mondary incentives alone.
Question Bank
Q.1 Define leadership. (1)
Q.2 What is incentive? (1)
Q.3 Give two functions of a supervisor. (1)
Q.4 Explain laissez faire or free rein leaders (1)
Q.5 Give the motivational process. (1)
Q.6 How’s delegation a means of directing? (1)
Q.7 Explain informal leaders. (1)
Q.8 How are managerial and leadership qualities interrelated. (1)
Q.9 Define rumour. (1)
Q.10 Give the communication process. (1)
Q.11 Distinguish between formal communication & informal communication. (1)
Q.12 Anil and Sunil are working in Astro Ltd as production incharge & sales incharge respectively. One day during lunch time Sunil informed Anil that due to computerization many people are going to be retrenched Name which type of communication is this, state any two limitations of this type of
communication. (3)
communication. (3)
Q.13 ‘Directing is the process around which all performance of an organization revolves.. Do you agree. Give two points in support of your answer. (3)
Q.14 Establish the importance of motivation in modern organization by giving three suitable reasons. (5)
Q.15 Define the terms “Monetary and Non Monetary Incentive” Enumerate various Financial and non-financial incentives used to motivate people to improve performance. (3)
Q.16 Explain the following :- (3)
a) Job Enrichment
b) Suggestion system
c) Job security
Q.17 “Efficiency and productivity” depend upon quality of leadership. Do you agree. Give two reasons to support your answer. (3)
Q.18 Explain the ‘communication network’ and how it works? (3)
Q.19 Name the type of written communication in which two departmental heads communicate with each other. Why is this type of communication required?(3)
Q.20 Write a note on downward communication and upward communication. (3)
Q.21 Differentiate between formal & informal communication on the basis of :- (5)
i) Channel ii) Nature iii) Speed iv) Need v) Records.
Q.22 Workers of a factory often seek guidance of production Manager the production manager finds himself over burdened. Advise the way to relieve the production manager. (5)
Q.23 How can an organisation overcome the barrier to effective communication? (5)
Q.24 Give examples individual needs and organizational needs in relation to Moslow’s need hierarchy. (5)
Q.25 Explain briefly responsibilities of a supervisor towards workers. (5)
suggested answer to question bank
Ans. 1 Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing other people to work willingly for group objectives.
Ans.2 An incentive is something which induces an individual to respond in a desired manner.
Ans.3 1) Planning the work 2) Issuing order
Ans.4 They are the leaders who give responsibility of setting goals and means to achieve then to the group members.
Ans. Motivational process is :-
i) Encouraging the needs. Ii) Search for action iii) Fulfillment of need
iv) Discovery of new need.
Ans.6 Delegation is a useful technique of directing. It is a means of sharing authority with a subordinate and providing him an opportunity to learn. (1 mark)
Ans. 7 Informal leaders are those who don’t have formal authority over three followers. (1 mark)
Ans.8 Both manager and the leaders have the following common qualities :-
® Physical activities
® Intelligence
® Motivation drive
® Fore sightedness (1 mark)
Ans.9 Rumour is an untrue part of the grapevive. It consists of information which is transmitted through the grapevive without adequate evidence.
Ans. 10 Communicator — Message — Encoding — Communication Channel — Receiver — Decoding — Feed back.
Ans. 11
| Formal Communication | Informal communication |
| 1. Based on formal organizational relationship | 1. Not based on formal organisation relationship. |
| 2. The channels of communication are pre planned | 2. The channels of communication are not pre planned. |
| 3. It is rigid | 3. It is flexible. |
Ans. 12. It is an example of informal communication.
Limitations of Informal communication.
Message tend to be distorted.
It often carries rumours & distorted facts.
(1 Mark for naming, 2 Marks for correct limitation.)
Ans. 13. Yes, Directing refers to unstryiting guiding & motivating subordinates in an organisation for achievement of organizational goals four elements of directing are
(i) Supervision
(ii) Communication
(iii) Motivation &
(iv) Leadership.
(1 Mark for agreeing
½ × 4 mark for each correct element)
Ans. 14. Importance of motivation :—
(i) Motivation sets in motion the action of people.
(ii) Motivation improves the efficiency of wok performance
(iii) Motivation ensures achievement of organizational goals.
(½×3 = 4½ for naming
½× correct euplanation)
Ans. 15. Financial Incentives — Incentives which are directly or indirectly associated with monetary benefits.
Non Financial Incentives — Incentives which are not measurable in terms of money.
Examples for financial Incentives — Pay, allowances productivity linked wage incentives, Bonus, Retirement benefits, Copartnership.
Eq Non Financial Incentives — Status, organizational climate, career advancement opportunity, job security etc.
(1×2 Mark each for definition
½×2 Marks for correct eg.)
Ans. 16. One mark each for correct explanation.
(a) Job Enrichment — is a method of motivating employee by making the task to be performed by him more interesting and challenging. The job in itself serves as a source of motivation to the employee and brings out the best in him.
(b) Suggestion System — Is a system where suggestions regarding the work procedure, environment are solicited from employees. This increase their participation & importance in the working of the enterprise and hence motivates them.
(c) Job Security refers to making the employee feel safe in his job positions. He is not threatened by transfers or removal from service and hence performs to the best of his abilities.
Ans. 17. Yes,
Importance of leadership
(i) Leadership helps in guiding and inspiring employees to perform well
(ii) By his exemplary character and conduct, a leader in stills confidence in subordinates.
(1 Mark for agreeing
1 Mark each for right importance)
Ans. 18. Communication network : Refers to the pattern through which members of work groups communicate. Different forms of communication networks are —
(i) Chain
(ii) Wheel
(iii) Circular
(iv) Free flow
(v) Inverted V
(One mark for definition’
Half mark each for correct form)
Ans. 19. In Horizontal Communication two departmental heads communicate with each other.
Flow of communicate between persons holding position at the same level of the organisation is known as horizontal communication.
(One mark for naming
two marks for correct explaining)
Ans. 20 Downward Communication : In this flow of communication is from the higher to the lower level.
Example Superior orders
Subordinates
Upward communication — It flows from a subordinate to his superior in the hierarchy. It can be regarded as a process of systematically encouraging employees to share their ideas. with management.
Superior Suggestion &Reports
Subordinate
Ans. 21
| | Formal Communication | Informal Communication |
| 1. Channel | 1. It follows formal or established line of command. | 1. It is a based on informal relationship and arises as a result of personal social or group relations between people. |
| 2. Nature | 2. Rigid | 2. Flexible |
| 3. Speed | 3. The speed of communication is usually slow | 3. It transmits information swiftly. |
| 4. Need | 4. It serves organizational needs. | 4. It serves organizational as well as individual needs to socialize with others. |
| 5. Records | 5. Its record is kept for future reference. | 5. No record can be kept. |
Ans. 22 The possible reason may be inability of The production manager to properly supervise the workers. To overcome the problem, the production manager should take the following measures.
(i) Arrange necessary training programmes for workers to increase their working efficiency. It also helps in building confidence among the workers.
(ii) Determine the work schedule and lay down the time, procedure and method of its.
(iii) Make necessary arrangements for the supply of materials machines and tools for the workers.
(iv) Ensure that the tasks assigned to the workers and the targets laid down go together.
(v) Recommend the cases of the workers for promotion, rewards, transfer, punishment etc.
Ans. 23. The barriers to an effective communication can be reduced by sing the following measures :—
(i) Clarify the Idea : Clarify in the thoughts of the sender is must for effective ‘communication’.
(ii) Use of proper people language : Sender should try to make the message meaningful and understandable by using appropriate words.
(iii) Message should be precise : Lengthy and unwarranted elaboration makes message less meaningful this should be avoided.
(iv) Ensure proper feedback : The sender of the message should take the feedback from the receiver. Feedback of the conveyed message is an essential tool to the check that the message is duly understood.
(v) Effective use of organisation Facilities : Effective use of organizational facilities like suggestion box complaint box secret box helps in making the communication effective.
Ans. 24 The following diagram shows the example of individual needs and organizational needs in relation to Maslow’s need hierarchy
Self Satisfaction Self Actualisation Needs Achievements of Targets Status Esteem Needs Job TitleFriendship Social Needs Cordial Relations with colleaguesStability of Income Safety Needs Permanent Job 
Need for food Basic Physiological Needs Basic PayExample of Individual Moslow’s Need Hierarchy Example of
Needs Organisation Needs
Ans. 25 Supervision means overseeing the subordinates at work. Supervision performs the following important functions which help the organisation to achieve objectives function of the supervisor :
(i) Planning the work : The supervisor has to determine work schedule for even and steady flow of work.
(ii) Issuing orders : The supervisor issues orders and instructions to the workers for achieving coordination.
(iii) Providing guidance and leadership : The supervisors leads the workers of his department. He fixes production targets for them & provides them the necessary guidance for doming the work assigned to them.
(iv) Motivation : The supervisor motivates his subordinates by providing financial and non financial incentives. He inspires them for higher quality & productivity.
(v) Controlling output — The supervisor controls the performance of the workers by comparing their performance with the standards. He also takes necessary action to ensure that production is done according to the predetermined standards.
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