ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIP FIRM - BASIC CONCEPT

CHAPTER - I

Accounting for partnership firms - Fundamentals\

1 and 3 Mark Questions

Q.1         Define partnership.

Q.2         What do you understand by 'partners', 'firm' and 'firms' name?

Q.3         Write any four main features of partnership.

Q.4         What is the minimum and maximum number of partners in all partnership?

Q.5         What is the status of partnership from an accounting viewpoint?

Q.6         What is meant by partnership deed?

Q.7         State any four contents of a partnership deed.

Q.8         In the absence of a partnership deed, how are mutual relations of partners governed?

Q.9         Give any two reason in favour of having a partnership deed.

Q.10       State the provision of 'Indian partnership Act 1932’ relating to sharing of profits in absence of any provision in the partnership deed.

Q.11       Why is it important to have a partnership deed in writing?

Q.12       What do you understand by fixed capital of partners?

Q.13       What do you understand by fluctuating capital of partners?

Q.14       Give two circumstances in which the fixed capital of partners may change.

Q.15       List the items that may appear on the debit side and credit side of a partner's fluctuating capital account.

Q.16       How will you show the following in case the capitals are                             i) Fixed and ii) Fluctuating

.              a)    Additional capital introduced

               b)    Drawings

               c)     Withdrawal of capital

               d)    Interest on capital and

               e)    Interest on loan by partners?

Q.17       If the partner’s capital accounts are fixed, where will you record the following items?

               i)      Salary to partners

               ii)     Drawing by a partners

               iii)    Interest on capital and

               iv)    Share of profit earned by a partner?

Q.18       How would you calculate interest on drawings of equal amounts drawn on the Last day of every month?

Q.19       How would you calculate interest on drawing of equal amounts drawn on the last day of every month?

Q.20       How would you calculate interest on drawing of equal amount drawn in the middle of every month?

Q.21       Ramesh, a partner in the firm has advanced a loan of a Rs. 1, 00,000 to the firm and has demanded on interest @ 9% per annum.  The partnership deed is silent on the matter.  How will you deal with it?

Q.22       The partnership deed provides that Anjali, the partner will get Rs. 10,000 per month as salary.  But, the remaining partners object to it.  How will this matter be resolved?

Q.23       The partnership deed is silent on payment of salary to partners.  Alok, a partner, has put a claim that since he manages the business, he should get monthly salary of Rs. 10,000.  Is he entitled to the salary?

Q.24       Give two points of difference between Profit and Loss and profit and loss appropriation A/c.

ANSWERS

Ans.1     When two or more persons enter into an agreement to carry on business and share its profit and losses, it is a case of partnership.  The Indian partnership Act, 1031, defines Partnership as follows:

               "Partnership is the relation between persons and who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all.

Ans.2     The persons who have entered in to a Partnership with one another are individually called 'Partners' and collectively 'a firm' and the name under which the business is carried is called 'the firm's name'.

Ans.3     Essential elements or main features of Partnership:

               i)     Two or more persons: Partnership is an association of two or more persons.

               ii)    Agreement: The Partnership is established by an agreement either oral or in          writing.

               iii)   Lawful Business: A Partnership formed for the purpose of carrying a business, it must be a legal business.

               iv)   Profit sharing: Profit of the firm is share by the partners in an agreed ration, if the ratio is not agreed then equally. Profit also includes loss.

Ans.4     There should be at least two persons to form a Partnership.  The maximum number of Partners in a firm carrying a banking business should not exceed ten and in any other business should not exceed ten and in any other business it should not exceed twenty.

Ans.5     From an accounting viewpoint, partnership is a separate business entity.  From legal viewpoints, however, a Partnership, like a sole proprietorship, is not separate from the owners.

Ans.6     Partnership deed is a written agreement containing the terms and conditions agreed by the Partners.

Ans.7     i)     The date of formation and the duration of the Partnership

               ii)    Name and address of the Partners

               iii)   Name of the firm.

               iv)   Interest on Partners capital and drawings

               v)    Ratio in which profit or losses shall be shared

Ans.8     In the absence of Partnership deed, mutual relations are governed by the Partnership Act, 1932.

Ans.9     i)     In case of any dispute or doubt, Partnership deed is the guiding document.

               ii)    It can specify the duties and powers of each Partner.

Ans.10  In the absence of any provision in the Partnership deed, profit or losses are share by the Partners equally.

Ans.11  Partnership deed is important since it is a document defining relationship of among Partners thus is assistance in settlement of disputes, if any and also avoids possible disputes: it is good evidence in the court.

Ans.12  Partners' capital is ;said to be fixed when the capital of Partners remain unaltered except in the case where further capital is introduced or capital is withdrawn permanently.

Ans.13  Partners capital is said to be fluctuating when capital alters with every transaction in the capital account. For example, drawing, credit of interest, etc.

Ans.14  Two circumstances in which the fixed capital of Partners may change are:

               i)     When additional capital is introduced by the Partners.

               ii)    When a part of the capital is permanently withdrawn by the Partners.

Ans.15  On debit side:  Drawing, interest on drawing, share of loss, closing credit balance of the capital.

               On credit side :      Opening credit balance of capital, additional capital introduced, share of profit, interest on capital, salary to a Partner, commission to a Partner.

Ans.16  i)     In case, capitals are fixed:

                      a)       On credit side of capital (b) on debit side of current A/c (c) on debit side of capital A/c (d) on credit side of current A/c (e) on credit side of loan from partner's A/c

Ans.17  i)     Credit side of Partner's current A/c

               ii)    Debit side of Partner's current A/c

               iii)   Credit side of Partners current A/c

               iv)   Credit side of Partners current A/c

Ans.18  When a partners draws a fixed amount at the beginning of each month, interest on total drawing would be on the amount withdraw for 6.5 months at the agreed rate of interest per annum.   Apply the following formula. 

               Interest on drawing = total drawing x  rate x  6.5
                                                         100      12 

Ans.19  When drawing of fixed amounts are made at regular monthly intervals on the day of every month, Interest would be charged on the amount withdrawn at the agreed rate of interest for 5.5 months.  Apply the following formula. :

               Interest on drawing = Total drawing x rate  x  5.
                                                           100     12

Ans.20  Since the Partnership deed is silent on payment of interest; the provisions of the Partnership Act, 1932 will apply.  Accordingly, Ramesh is entitled to interest @ 6% p.a.

Ans.21  The stand of remaining Partners in the Partnership deed does not stand scrutiny.  Since all the Partners to the deed had agreed to Anjali's salary, it will be paid to him.

Ans.22  No, he is not entitled to the salary because it is not so, Provided in the Partnership deed and according to the Partnership act, 1932 if the Partnership deed does not provided for payment of salary to Partners, he will not be entitled to it.

Ans.23  Distinction between Profit and loss and profit and loss appropriation account:

Profit and Loss A/c :1. It is prepare to ascertain profit or loss of the business for an accounting year.
2. It is prepared by business firm.


Profit and Loss appropriation A/c :It is prepared to appropriate / distribute profit among the partners,
2.Only partnership firm or a company prepared the profit and loss appropriation a/c.